ABSTRACT

Type 2 Diabetes is characterized for the resistance of insulin and/or failure in the secretion of this hormone, which affects the life expectancy. It is a multifactorial disease by genetic and lifestyle influences.

Variations in the calpain-10 gene have been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes in some population.

In this work, the polymorphism Indel 19 of CAPN 10 was genotyped in 59 women with type 2 diabetes and 49 women with normal fasting blood glucose levels (<110mg/dl) in Loja city.

Being found that the alleles frequencies are similar in both groups, for the allele 2R in the cases with a 33.8% and a 35.7% for controls, while for the allele 3R with a 66.1% and 64.2% for the diabetic and controls, respectively. Furthermore not found a significant difference among both groups (p=0,78) in relation of alleles frequencies, as well as was not a relationship with a increase risk to type 2 diabetes between the cases and controls. (OR=0,55, CI=0,16-1,87, p=0,33).

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, insulin, calpain 10 and polymorphism Indel-19

Optimización de los Métodos de Recolección, Conservación y Extracción de DNA Nuclear a partir de Muestras de Excremento de Oso de Anteojos (Tremarctos ornatus)”

ABSTRACT:
The analysis of DNA starting from fecal samples is one of the most important tools inside the context of the molecular ecology, the genetics of the conservation and the populational monitoreo of wild fauna, however it presents degradation problems and amplification of the DNA.
In this study two conservation (Ethanol to 99.9% and Buffer DETs) means were proven to determine which presents better results in the extraction and amplification for PCR of nuclear (STRs) DNA in fecal samples of Andean bear in captivity.
For the ethanol, two previous treatments were applied to the extraction: you show homogenized (EOH-H) and you show centrifuged (EOH-C). Samples were analyzed collected in the day of their deposition as well as samples conserved by periods of one week, one month and two months to ambient temperature. The extraction of the DNA was carried out with the kit “Qiagen Stool Mini Kit” without any modification.
Of equal formed it analyzed the effects of the degradation from the DNA of exposed samples to different periods of time (one, two and three weeks) under the climatic conditions of the moors of the National Park Podocarpus .
The conservation tests showed significant differences among the pre-extraction (p=0 .005322) methods. The time of conservation showed more marked (p=1 .939e-09) effects, with a bigger difference in the periods of one and two months.
In the degradation tests to the atmosphere, the time of exhibition showed highly significant (p=2 .2e-16) differences, of equal it forms the climate (p=0 .000174).
The percentage in the amplification success for nuclear DNA in our study was of 35,48% for BOX and 56,91% for MJ.

Key words: conservation of DNA, extraction of DNA, time, climate, sampling genetic non invasivo, microsatélites

Apoptosis is a genetically and controled death, it is actived to eliminate embionary and ill cells, allowing the development, the right working of the organism, and no affecting to normal cells. Therefore, apoptotic pathway has become in one of the best alternatives to develop new antineoplastic drugs which could activate this death pathway, in order to avoid adverse responses that generally are developed with chemotherapy on patients. The techniques for determining apoptosis have evolved over the years since Kerr, who through using electron microscopy found out this model of cell death. In the CBCM-UTPL, we have implemented two of these techniques with the help of biomarkers Caspase 3 and Annexin V, which allowed the determination of caspase activation and externalization of phosphatidylserine, respectively; characteristic events that occurs only in apoptotic conditions. It was used the RKO cells as the biological model, and the doxorubicin as inductor agent.

Key Words: Apoptosis, Biomarker, Annexin V, Caspase 3.